The Champagne region produces the most famous sparkling wines. A blend of Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier that undergoes 2 fermentations that produce the celebrated bubble that makes champagne special.
Brut is a designation of dryness. Blanc De Noir and Blanc De Blanc are wines made only from black or white grapes.
California produces many quality sparkling wines using the same types of grapes and methods.
Spanish sparklers are known as Cava.
German sparklers are known as Sekt.
Italian sparklers are known as Spumante.
An inexpensive method to make sparkling wine is known as Charmat. The bubbles here are made from fermentation in large tanks, not individual bottles.